Novel foods: record of views

Source: Record of Views updated July 2026 (FSANZ, PDF) · Processed 25 Sep 2026, 09:58 UTC · Checked for updates 26 Sep 2026, 00:25 UTC

About this data

This is a searchable copy of the record of views formed and actions taken in relation to Standard 1.5.1 – Novel Foods of the Food Standards Code. It lists foods and food ingredients with views regarding their status as non-traditional or novel foods.

Before March 2008 these views were reached by the now superseded Novel Food Reference Group (NFRG), either alone or in consultation with Senior Food Officers of the Australian, state, territory and New Zealand governments and the then Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service. Since March 2008 the views recorded are the recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Novel Foods (ACNF).

Enforcement of the Code is the responsibility of the Australian state and territory governments, the Department of Agriculture at the border, and the New Zealand Government. The interpretation and application of Standard 1.5.1, including decisions about the novelty of a food or food ingredient, is ultimately the responsibility of those jurisdictions.

The table is extracted automatically from the official PDF, which remains the authoritative version. FSANZ is checked for a new version at most every 15 minutes.

Food or food ingredient	Outcome view	Justification / comment
Abalone blood extract (for consumption in spirit type alcohol) 2015	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Although there may be some consumption of abalone blood through consumption of the flesh of abalone, the use of abalone blood in alcohol does not have a history of consumption in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified. Abalone is a mollusc and therefore this food is subject to allergen labelling requirements in Standard¹ 1.2.3 of the Code. ¹ Allergen sentence in third column updated 2021. PDF p. 3
Acacia pycnatha gum (gum from the Australian Golden wattle tree) 2022	Traditional food Not novel food	Evidence provided of tradition of use as an indigenous food in Australia. Use is as a food, up to 30 g per day.
Acacia rigidula 2014	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use as food in Australia and New Zealand. Potential for adverse effects if consumed. Safety not established.
Ackee fruit (Blighia sapida) – sourced from Jamaica	Non-traditional food Novel food	Significant safety concerns if consumed unripe or improperly prepared.
Acerola (Malpighia glabra L) – frozen fruit pulp	Non-traditional food Not novel food	History of safe consumption in other countries. No safety concerns identified.
African mango seed – aqueous extract (Irvingia gabonensis) 2010	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Tradition of use of the seed in western Africa when dried. However, no tradition of use when prepared as an aqueous extract. Purported weight loss effects of the aqueous extract require additional assessment before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand.
Agaricus blazei murill mushroom	Non-traditional food Novel food	Insufficient knowledge in community to enable safe use.
Agaricus blazei (mushroom) 2019	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of Agaricus blazei as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established - requires assessment before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Adverse effects have been reported in the scientific literature. This is an update on previous view (above) of the Novel Food Reference Group.
Agave nectar (from Agave tequilana azul)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	History of use as a sweet nectar in Mexico. No safety concerns identified.
Akudjera (Bush Tomato) (Solanum centrale)	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia and New Zealand.
Algalin flour (from Chlorella protothecoides strain S106) 2012	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use of Chlorella species as a food in Australia and New Zealand.
Aloe vera (juice and juice concentrate)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Small established market for beverages in Australia and New Zealand.
Alpha Lipoic acid (also known as thiotic acid)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use.
Alpinia galanga extract (EnXtra™) 2021	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of Alpinia galanga extract as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of Alpinia galanga extract is not established. Note: This view does not consider whether Alpinia galanga extract is a food, and/or if it may be subject or better suited to other regulations, for example under the relevant therapeutic goods or dietary supplements rules applying in Australia and New Zealand.
Amaranth seed (Amaranthus sp)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified.
Amomum tsaoko (seed) 2009	Non-traditional food Not novel food	View is based on use as a spice. No safety concerns identified based on this use.
Anise myrtle (Anetholea anisata)	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia and New Zealand.
Aphanizomenon flos aquae	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety concerns due to the potential presence of cyanobacterial toxins such as microcytin and nodularin.
Apple peel powder (Apple Active DAPP)™ 2015	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of apple peel powder product as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of apple peel powder at 2-6 grams per serve in a range of products (smoothies, bars, powdered food products).
Apple polyphenol extract	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified based on specifications provided.
Apple polyphenol extract (Evesse EPC - derived™ from Evesse apples)™ 2011	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of this extract as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use and composition of extract requires additional assessment before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Note: This view differs from a previous apple polyphenol product (see above entry). The extract that is subject to this view is highly refined and contains levels of specific polyphenols that, coupled with the intended levels of use, is likely to result in greater dietary exposure than would occur from consumption of apples and other foods that may contain these polyphenols.
Arachidonic acid (ARA) sourced from Fungus Mortierella alpina	Traditional food for infants Not novel food	Traditional food for infants with no safety concerns identified based on this use.
Argan oil (derived from the fruit kernels of Argania spinosa)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	History of safe use in other countries. Chemical composition consistent with other vegetable based edible oils.
Asafoetida (Ferala assafoetida)	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a spice in Australia and New Zealand.
Astragalus membranaceous (powdered root added to powdered chocolate beverage at 0.25% w/w) 2014	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at proposed level of use.
Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) root and root extract. 2023	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use as food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established - requires a safety assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand.
Avocado leaf (Persea americana) 2020	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use as food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established - requires a safety assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Potential for adverse effects in humans.
Bacillus coagulans (probiotic bacteria) 2008	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional in Australia and New Zealand, although some evidence of use in natto (Japanese fermented soybean product). No safety concerns identified.
Bacillus subtilis BS-GA28 2019	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Evidence to demonstrate safety of strain is required.
Bacillus subtilis (CU1 strain) 2016 2018	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified at intended levels of use (6.5 x 10⁹ CFU per day). Note: This view relates only to the CU1 strain of Bacillus subtilis. This view originally referred to CU1 50 strain, however, the ‘50’ referred only to the concentration of the organism. The ‘50’ has therefore been removed from this entry, which now only refers to the CU1 strain.
Bacillus subtilis (DE111 strain) 2018	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified at intended levels of use (up to 1 x 10 CFU per serve)¹¹ Note: This view relates only to the DE111 strain of Bacillus subtilis.
Bacillus subtilis (R0179 strain) 2020	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified at intended levels of use (up to 1 x 10⁹ CFU per serve) Note: This view relates only to the R0179 strain of Bacillus subtilis.
Bamboo fibre (sourced from stalk of bamboo plant) 2016	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of bamboo fibre as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of bamboo fibre as an ingredient (1-5%) in a range of food products (processed meat, bakery and dairy products). Similar to other plant sourced insoluble dietary fibres.
Bamboo leaf extract (leaf extract of Herba lophatheri, which is the dried leaf of Lophatherum gracile Brongn) 2016	Non-traditional food Novel food	Tradition of use of Herba lophatheri leaf as a Chinese medicine. Safety of use as a food ingredient is not established, particularly taking into account traditional medicine use, and requires assessment.
Baobab fruit powder (dried fruit pulp of Adansonia digitate) 2017	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use in Africa. Intended use is similar to traditional use of the dried fruit pulp powder. No reports of adverse effects identified from traditional use, apart from laxative effect at high levels of intake; which would be expected for high levels of consumption of fruit products in general.
BARLEYmax - Barley™ bred using traditional breeding techniques	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified.
Baru nut (Dipteryx alata Vogel), roasted 2019	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified.
Beeswax 2016	Non-traditional food Novel food	Permitted for use as a food additive at low levels. Intended use at higher levels (14%) as an ingredient does not have a history of use in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of consumption at higher use level is not established and requires assessment.
Bentonite clay 2009	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at proposed levels of use of 5 grams (1 teaspoon) to 20 grams (1 tablespoon) per serve. Intended to be consumed by itself or added to water (to drink) or used as an ingredient in foods such as cakes and biscuits.
Berries from palm fruit Acai (Euterpe oleracea) sourced from Brazil	Non-traditional food Not novel food	History of use in South America. No safety concerns identified.
Beta palmitin vegetable oil 2009	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Use in infant formula products in overseas markets with no safety concerns identified based on this use. No concerns regarding composition.
Betaine (extracted from sugar beet)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional in context of being extracted and added to food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established in this context.
Bifidobacterium lactis (probiotic bacteria) 2008	Traditional food Not novel food	Long history of use in yogurt and fermented milk products.
Bifidobacterium longum ES1 CECT 7347 Bifidobacterium breve CNCMI-4035 Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. Lactis BPL1 CECT 8145 HK 2019	Traditional food Not novel food	Long history of exposure to Bifidobacterium in fermented foods and breast milk. Bifidobacterium are also used as a probiotic in complementary medicines.
Bifidobacterium longum (R0175 strain) 2020	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified at intended levels of use (up to 1 x 10 CFU per serve).¹¹ Note: This view relates only to the R0175 strain of Bifidobacterium longum.
Bifidobacterium longum (BB536 strain) 2022	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified at intended levels of use in a range of foods (up to 3x10 CFU/day).¹¹ Note: This view relates only to the BB536 strain of Bifidobacterium longum.
Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 (ES1) (heat inactivated) 2024	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 (ES1) (heat killed/heat inactivated) as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 (ES1) (heat inactivated) at up to 2.5 x 10cells per day in a range of foods⁹ and beverages. Note: This view relates only to Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347 (ES1) (heat inactivated).
Birch fibre (extracted from the Betula (birch) tree, and processed to produce a powder comprising 49% cellulose, 31% hemicellulose, and 17% lignin). 2025	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No evidence of use as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Proposed usage is in baked products, up to 3 g per 100 g of food. Notes: 1. The Code contains requirements for dietary fibre. This view does not state or imply that this ingredient complies with the Code’s dietary fibre provisions relating to the definition for dietary fibre and methods of analysis. 2. Any processing aids used in the manufacture of the ingredient require permission under the Code. 3. The view relates solely to the use of the ingredient as a claimed source of dietary fibre and does not relate to any use of the ingredient as a food additive.
Birds’ nests (as produced by swiftlets in south-east Asia from saliva)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	History of safe use in Asian countries. No adverse health effects observed. No harmful substances identified. Relevant quarantine requirements exist.
Blackberry leaves and roots (Rubus fruticosis)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established.
Black sapote (Diospyros digyna Jacq.). 2020	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified.
Boab fruit (otherwise known as boab nuts, from the Boab tree, Adansonia)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Limited history of safe use in indigenous communities. No safety concerns identified. No concerns regarding composition.
Borojoa patinoi (dried fruit pulp powder) 2012	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Consumption is associated with various purported physiological effects and the composition of the product is not adequately characterised.
Broccoli seed extract (standardised to contain 13% glucoraphanin; a glucosinolate found in broccoli and other brassica vegetables) 2016	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Extract of seed not a traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. This view relates to the intended use of the extract to achieve 15-30mg of glucoraphanin per day (115mg of extract is equivalent to 15mg of glucoraphanin). Use at higher levels may require a safety assessment.
Bruguiera gymnorhiza fruit flour (the fruit is used to make a flour-type ingredient) 2023	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use as food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established - requires a safety assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand.
Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) extract as a blue colour. 2022	Regulate as a food additive	Intended use is as a blue colour. An application is required before it can be used in food.
Cacao juice and cacao concentrate, produced from the pulp that surrounds the bean of the cacao plant, Theobroma cacao 2019	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified.
Caja (Spondias mombin) – frozen puree.	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food. History of use in South America. No safety concerns identified.
Calamondin or calamansi fruit and fruit juice (X Citrofortunella microcarpa)	Traditional food Not novel food	Derived from a cross between citrus and cumquat. Appears to be available interchangeably with cumquats.
Calcium fructoborate	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional when added to foods. Safety concerns based on potential for increased intake of boron.
Calcium sucrose phosphate (intended use at up to 2% of carbohydrate content of a range of foods) 2014	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at intended levels of use.
Camelina oil (Camelina sativa) 2010	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified, noting that erucic acid content of edible oils is subject to a maximum level of 20,000mg/kg in Standard 1.4.1 – Contaminants and Natural Toxicants - of the Code.
Camelina spice (Camelina sativa) 2010	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified. This view is for Camelina spice only, where the seed of Camelina sativa has been roasted and ground into powder for use as a spice.
Camu camu fruit (Myrciaria dubia)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified. No concerns regarding composition.
Canarium nut (Canarium indicum). Canarium nut is a tree nut, also known by the names: nangai nut, ngali nut, galip nut. 2019	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified.
Carnauba wax 2016	Non-traditional food Novel food	Permitted for use as a food additive at low levels. Intended use at higher levels (14%) as an ingredient does not have a history of use in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of consumption at higher use level is not established and requires assessment.
Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L) – frozen fruit pulp	Non-traditional food Not novel food	History of use in South America. No safety concerns identified. No concerns regarding composition.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)	Traditional food Not novel food	Traditional food, however knowledge about appropriate preparation required to ensure safe consumption. Requirement for preparation instructions in Standard 1.2.6 – Directions for Use and Storage.
Chaetomorpha linum (spaghetti seaweed) processed into a powder for use in a beverage. 2025	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Insufficient data provided to establish safety, requires assessment before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand.
Chamelaucium uncinatum (Geraldton waxflower) – powder prepared from the dried leaves and stems. 2026	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Chamelaucium uncinatum leaves and stems in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of the powder prepared from the dried leaves and stems, for use in gin distillation Note: This view is limited to use during the gin distillation process where volatiles from the plant impart flavour to the final diluted gin product.
Cherry skin and pulp flour from Prunus avium (sweet cherry) 2026	Non - traditional food Not novel	No tradition of use of cherry skin and pulp flour from Prunus Avium as a food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified.
Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified.
Chinese bayberry fruit (Myrica rubra) 2008	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified.
Chlorella sorokiniana 2014	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use of Chlorella species as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Chlorella sorokiniana is now classified as a separate Chlorella species, after previously being included within the classification of Chlorella pyrenoidosa.
Citicoline 2016	No view provided	ACNF considered Citicoline is more likely to be subject to the pre-market approval requirements in the Code for substances used as nutritive substances. Therefore, no view was provided in the context of whether Citicoline may be a novel food.
Citrin (5-hydroxycitric acid)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety concerns based on potential for adverse effects in humans.
Citrus fibre (prepared from citrus peel and other fractions from oranges, lemons and/or limes). 2022	Traditional food Not novel food	Evidence provided of use as a food ingredient (usage level up to 5%) in a range of products in Australia and New Zealand. Notes: 4. The Committee did not consider the product against the Code’s dietary fibre definition or requirements. 5. Any processing aids used in the manufacture of citrus fibre require permission under the Code.
ClearTaste™ 2016	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of ClearTaste as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of ClearTaste at low levels in a variety of foods and beverages (parts per million). Note: Product is result of fermentation of the mycelium of Cordyceps sinensis with a liquid tissue culture of carrot and potato. C. sinensis has previously been viewed as a ‘novel food’ (see entry below). However, no viable part of the mycelium of C. sinensis remains in final ClearTaste product.
Clinoptilolite zeolite mineral powder 2021	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of clinoptilolite zeolite mineral powder as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of clinoptilolite zeolite mineral powder is not established.
Cocoa fruit (Theobroma ncar) – frozen puree	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. History of use as a food in South America. No indications of safety concerns.
Cocona fruit (Solanum sessiliflorum, also known as Solanum topiro)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No concerns identified regarding composition or safety
Coffee berry (dried and powdered fruit of Coffea Arabica) 2015	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of dried and powdered coffee berry as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of dried and powdered coffee berry as a food and an ingredient in foods at 300 mg per serve, up to 8 servings per day (equivalent to only 2.4 mg of caffeine per day). Note: This view is related to a previous view of the FSANZ Novel Food Reference Group, which related to the use of the whole coffee berry (see below entry). This updated view relates to the use of dried and powdered coffee berry only.
Coffee berry (cherry) drink 2018	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of coffee cherry drink in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with the intended use of coffee cherry ready to drink product containing approximately 12 mg of caffeine (and not more than 21 mg of caffeine) per 100 mL. Product is prepared via water infusion of the dried husk of the coffee berry/cherry (which also includes coffee beans). Note: This view is related to a previous view of the FSANZ Novel Food Reference Group, which related to the use of the whole coffee berry (see below entry). This updated view relates to the use of the coffee berry/cherry in a ready to drink beverage only.
Coffee berry (whole fruit of Coffea arabica)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Use of whole fruit of coffee plant is not traditional in Australia and New Zealand (although use of the seed, or coffee bean, is traditional). History of use in Africa and Middle East. Safety not established. Note: New entry for dried and powdered coffee berry (above).
Collagen (derived from fish skin) – see ‘Fish collagen peptide’	Cross-reference
Colostrum (bovine, pre-milk produced by the cow’s mammary glands in the first 72 hours after birth of the calf)	Non-traditional food Not novel food, except for infants	Non-traditional food in the population in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified. (This view has been amended to correct the previous reference to bovine colostrum being a traditional food for infants. The ACNF considered that bovine colostrum is not a traditional food for infants). This view does not consider if bovine colostrum is a novel food for infants. Therefore, the above view is not applicable to the consumption of bovine colostrum by infants, or its addition to infant foods or infant² formula products. ² This update (in blue font) to the Record of Views was made in November 2020, for clarification purposes. PDF p. 14
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety concerns based on structure and proposed pattern and level of use. Two Applications received by FSANZ in 2008 (A1005 and A1012)
Cordyceps sinensis³ 2011 View relates to an extract in powder form⁴	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of Cordyceps sinensis as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety is not established as a food – potential for pharmacological effects based on its use as a traditional medicine. In addition, potential adverse effects have been reported in scientific literature. ³ Refer to information about mushroom products that precedes this table. PDF p. 14 ⁴ 2011 view updated in 2026 to include the product form. PDF p. 14
Corn fibre (referred to as corn Ztrim)	Traditional food Not novel food	Corn fibre (insoluble dietary fibre) in powdered form is prepared from dry milled corn bran.
Cornus mas (Cornelian cherry) 2011	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Limited evidence of use as a food in Australia and New Zealand. However, there is a history of safe use as a food in other countries. No identified safety concerns based on the composition of the fruit. Note. This view relates only to the edible portion of the fruit of Cornus mas.
Cornus officinalis (Japanese Cornelian cherry) 2011	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Limited evidence of use as a food in Australia and New Zealand. However, there is a history of safe use as a food in other countries. No identified safety concerns based on the composition of the fruit. Note. This view relates only to the edible portion of the fruit of Cornus officinalis.
Cranberry extract powder 2014	Traditional food Not novel food	Cranberry extract powder produced from cranberry juice concentrate. Sugars and organic solids are removed, while phenolic compounds are retained in the extract. Intended use of the extract in beverage products as a source of phenolic compounds. Components of cranberry extract powder have a history of consumption from cranberry juice products. This view only applies to cranberry extract powder added to beverages at a level that ensures the concentration of phenolic compounds in the final product is not greater than the concentration of these compounds in cranberry juice products.
α-Cyclodextrin	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use Application to FSANZ (A494). Permission in Standard 1.5.1.
γ-Cyclodextrin	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use. Application to FSANZ (A438). Permission in Standard 1.5.1.
Dairy mineral concentration (Lactosalt Optitaste)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand in context presented. Isolation and concentration of milk minerals and subsequent addition to other foods is not consistent with the history of consumption of dairy products. No safety concerns identified.
D-allulose 2020	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of D-allulose as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established - requires assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Potential for adverse effects in humans at high levels of intake. If processing aids are used in the manufacture of D-allulose, they may require approval under the Code. Note: D-allulose approved in 2024 as a novel food (Application A1247).
Damiana (Turnera diffusa or Turnera aphrodisiaca, same species) – non-culinary herb	Non-traditional food Not novel food when used in beverages at less than 100 mg/100 ml	No safety concerns identified at low levels of use. No application required when in beverages at less than 100 mg/100 ml.
Davidson Plum (Davidsonia pruriens, Davidsonia, jerseyana, Davidsonia johnsonii)	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food, mainly in Australia.
Deer Horn Extract (powder – deer velvet)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Used in complementary medicines. Safety concerns based on potential for adverse effects in humans.
Dendrobium (and its extracts including from Dendrobium nobile) 2020	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of Dendrobium (and its extracts including from Dendrobium nobile) as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of Dendrobium (and its extracts including from Dendrobium nobile) is not established - requires assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as food in Australia and New Zealand. Adverse effects have been reported in the scientific literature. Note: This view does not consider whether Dendrobium (and its extracts including from Dendrobium nobile) may be subject to other regulations, for example under the therapeutic goods or dietary supplements rules applying in Australia and New Zealand.
Dendropanax morbiferus (dried leaf). 2026	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Dendropanax morbiferus (dried leaf) in the preparation of a hot beverage (similar to tea) in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of up to 4 g of dried leaf (infused in hot water) per day. Note – tea is defined in Standard 1.1.2–3 of the Code.
Dermatan Sulphate	Non-traditional food Novel food	Used for therapeutic purposes for anti-thrombotic effects. Safety not established in context of potential for increased dietary exposure when added to foods.
Desert lime fruit (Citrus glauca) 2008	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia.
Diacyl glycerol (DAG) oil	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety concerns based on structure and proposed pattern and level of use. Application to FSANZ (A505). Permission in Standard 1.5.1.
Diatomaceous earth 2014	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at proposed levels of use (one heaped teaspoon (6g) per day and as an ingredient in spelt bread (12g/620g loaf). Members noted diatomaceous earth is also a generally permitted processing aid in Standard 1.3.3 of the Code. Use as a processing aid is required to meet the specification requirements for identity and purity referenced in Standard 1.3.4 of the Code. The ACNF considered that diatomaceous earth used as an ingredient should also meet these specification requirements. Therefore, this view relates only to diatomaceous earth that meets the specification requirements referenced in Standard 1.3.4 of the Code.
Dieffenbachia amoena (dried vegetable) 2008	Non-traditional food Novel food	Significant safety concerns identified.
Dihydrocapsiate 2019	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of dihydrocapsiate as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use required. Note: This view does not consider whether dihydrocapsiate may be subject to the nutritive substance requirements of Standard 1.1.1–10 of the Code. The nutritive substance provisions in the Code should be taken into account when considering the addition of dihydrocapsiate to food.
D-Mannose	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use. Outcome view reaffirmed by ACNF in February 2015. Safety of use as a food not established. D-Mannose products appear to typically be marketed as supplements associated with the treatment or prevention of urinary tract infections. Potential medicinal type effects and possible adverse effects would need to be assessed before safety for use as a food in Australia and New Zealand can be established.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) powder sourced from algae Crypthecodinium cohnii	Traditional food for infants Not novel food	Traditional food for infants. Non-traditional in general population but no safety concerns identified.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) sourced from Schizochytrium sp. marine algae	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety of source from which DHA is derived is not established – potential for presence of undesirable substances. Application to FSANZ (A428). Permission in Standard 1.5.1.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) rich oil sourced from Schizochytrium sp. marine algae 2012	Traditional food Not novel food	DHA rich oil sourced from Schizochytrium sp. has been a permitted novel food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand since 2002. The DHA:EPA ratio in the DHA & EPA rich oil is similar to existing ratios in fish oils.
Dong quai (Angelica sinensis) powdered root 2008	Non-traditional food Novel food	Reports of adverse effects when used in Chinese medicine. Safety not established.
D-Ribose 2012	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use. Proposed levels of use are likely to result in patterns and levels of consumption of the free form of D-Ribose that are greater than existing intake from foods.
D-Tagatose	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use. Application to FSANZ (A472). Permission in Standard 1.5.1
Edible insects Zophobas morio (super mealworm), Achaeta domestica (house crickets), and Tenebrio molitor (mealworm beetle)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified. Labelling of true nature of food required. Crickets: There is recent evidence to suggest there may be a risk of allergenicity in crustacean-allergic or other sensitive individuals when consuming crickets or foods derived⁵.from crickets ⁵ This update to the Record of Views was agreed at the March ACNF 2019 meeting. PDF p. 19
Equisetum arvense (horsetail) (stem and strobilus as an ingredient in a powdered beverage base at a level of 0.008% - resulting in 8mg per serve of final product per day) 2014	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at intended level of use.
Eria jarensis (and extracts) 2020	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of Eria jarensis (and extracts)as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of Eria jarensis (and extracts) is not established - requires assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as food in Australia and New Zealand. Adverse effects have been reported in the scientific literature. Note: This view does not consider whether Eria jarensis (and extracts) may be subject to other regulations, for example under the relevant therapeutic goods, dietary supplements, or misuse of drugs rules applying in Australia and New Zealand.
Eriodictyon californicum (yerba santa/santa herba) (SantEnergy™ Nu). 2020	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of Eriodictyon californicum or its extracts as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established - requires assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Note: This view does not consider whether the ingredient may be subject to the nutritive substance requirements of Standard 1.1.1–10 of the Code. The nutritive substance provisions in the Code should be taken into account when considering the addition of Eriodictyon californicum (yerba santa/santa herba) (SantEnergy™ Nu) to food.
Essential oils as flavourings	Regulate as food additives (flavours)	So long as these are not listed in Standard 1.4.4, their use as flavourings would be permitted under Standard 1.3.1. Use as a flavouring assumes that they would be used in small amounts.
Euryale ferox seeds (also known as foxnut, Makhana, gorgon nut) 2017	Non-traditional food Novel food	Limited information available upon which to establish safety of human consumption. Limited reports of medicinal effects, but potential compounds of interest or mechanisms of action not known. Further assessment required to establish safety of use in food.
Euryale ferox seeds, popped (also known by the name Makhana). This view relates only to the popped and roasted form of the seed kernel, not to other forms of Euryale ferox seeds such as powder. 2020	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified.
Evening primrose seed	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at the proposed levels of use.
Finger lime (Citrus australasica) 2008	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia.
Fish collagen peptide (derived from fish (Pollock) skin) 2018	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Hydrolysed fish skin collagen product. No tradition of use as a food ingredient in Australia or New Zealand. No safety concerns identified, noting that mandatory labelling declaration requirements of Standard 1.2.3 apply to fish when present in a food for sale.
Flaxseed oil with added lignans (LinumLife)	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use in the context presented. Some safety concerns related to the levels of phytoestrogens.
Fonio grain from Digitaria exilis – White Fonio) 2015	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use as a food in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of Fonio in a variety of ways (steamed as couscous, cooked like porridge, milled into flour and otherwise used as an ingredient in foods).
Fragrant pepperbush (see Tasmannia glaucifolia)	Cross-reference
Fresh bamboo shoots	Traditional food Not novel food	Traditional food (particularly of canned product), however knowledge about appropriate preparation of fresh product required to ensure safe consumption. Requirement for preparation instructions in Standard 1.2.6 – Directions for Use and Storage.
Fucoidan from brown seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida) 2019	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of fucoidan as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use required. Note: This view does not consider whether fucoidan may be subject to the nutritive substance requirements of Standard 1.1.1–10 of the Code. The nutritive substance provisions in the Code should be taken into account when considering the addition of fucoidan to food.
Fulvic acid (see Humic – fulvic acid)	Cross-reference
Fusarium strain flavolapis - protein from Fusarium strain flavolapis 2022	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of protein from Fusarium strain flavolapis as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of protein from Fusarium strain flavolapis is not established - requires assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as food in Australia and New Zealand.
Gac (juice derived from the fruit of Momordica cochinchinensis, Spreng)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. History of food use in Asia. No safety concerns identified based on composition of the fruit or the juice.
Galactooligosaccharides	Traditional in dairy foods Not novel in dairy based foods	Traditional in dairy based foods as a result of fermentation and/or hydrolysis of lactose. Detected in low-lactose infant formula manufactured for over 20 years, and numerous other dairy based products. Proposal P306 in progress. Application A598 on hold awaiting outcomes of P306.
Galactooligosaccharides (Alpha-galactooligosaccharides derived from pea and soy) 2018	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of adding plant based galactooligosaccharides (GOS) to foods in Australia and New Zealand. GOS are present in some plant based foods including legumes and pulses (at approximately 0.3 to 1.55g per 100g). However, the intended addition of plant based GOS to foods to achieve a dietary intake of 3-12g per day is higher than amounts likely to be consumed via natural presence in foods such as legumes and pulses. No safety concerns identified at intended level of use. Potential for gastrointestinal disturbance at high levels of intake (which is commonly associated with consumption of other non-digestible fibres). Note: GOS is defined in Standard 1.1.2 of the Code (derived from lactose). The Code also includes permission for specific quantities of GOS (as defined in the Code) to be included in infant formula products (Standard 2.9.1). Plant based GOS are not derived from lactose and therefore may not meet the definition of GOS in the Code (and is also unlikely to be permitted to be added to infant formula products).
Gamma glutamyl cysteine (Glyteine™) 2021	No view provided	ACNF considered that if gamma glutamyl cysteine is regarded as a food ingredient, it is more likely to be subject to the pre-market approval requirements in the Code for substances used as nutritive substances. Therefore, no view was provided in the context of whether gamma glutamyl cysteine may be a novel food. Note: This view does not consider whether gamma glutamyl cysteine may be subject to other regulations, for example under the relevant therapeutic goods or dietary supplements rules applying in Australia and New Zealand.
Ganoderma lucidum⁶ 2011 2016 Views relate to an extract in powder form⁷	Non-traditional food Novel food	Little evidence of use of Ganoderma lucidum as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety is not established as a food – potential for pharmacological effects based on its use as a traditional medicine. In addition, potential adverse effects have been reported in scientific literature. ⁶ Refer to information about mushroom products that precedes this table. PDF p. 23 ⁷ 2011 and 2016 views updated in 2026 to include the product form. PDF p. 23
Garcinia cambogia (source of 5-hydroxycitric acid)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety concerns based on potential for adverse effects in humans.
Gardenia blue (Gardenia jasminoides Ellis) 2020	Regulate as a food additive	Intended use is as a blue colour. An application is required before it can be used in food.
Ginkgo nut	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety concerns as it contains 4’-O-methylpyridoxine which is heat stable, cannot be deactivated by cooking and can only be removed by washing.
(High) β-Glucan cereals	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Natural variety sourced from a cereal fraction with high natural levels of β-glucan. No safety concerns identified.
β-Glucan derived from barley, produced using a natural milling and separation process, potentially followed by further processing – e.g. enzymatic starch hydrolysis at elevated temperature with ethanol precipitation	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified with the production method employed.
β-Glucan derived from oats 2017	Traditional food Not novel food	Intended use likely to result in similar exposure to β-Glucans currently in the diet from consumption of oats and other β-Glucan containing foods. This view relates to the use of a 70% β-Glucan product derived from oats at up to 4% of in foods (resulting in up 3 grams of β-Glucan per serve).
β-Glucan derived from yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) 2011	Traditional food Not novel food	Derived from cell wall of this yeast that is commonly used and present in a wide variety of foods. Intended levels of use are similar to current intake from the diet in Australia and New Zealand.
Glucosamine sulphate	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established at the proposed level. Used as complementary medicine.
Goji juice derived from the goji berry (Lycium barbarum)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Both the fruit and the juice are non-traditional in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified based on composition of the berry or the juice. History of food use in central Asia.
Grape pomace extract	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No concerns regarding composition or safety.
Grape purée (as liquid puree or its dehydrated powder form) produced from fermented and heat-treated grape pomace. 2025	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of grape purée and grape powder produced from fermented and heat-treated grape pomace as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of grape purée and grape powder produced from fermented and heat-treated grape pomace, usage rates 1% -5% and 0.1% - 0.5% for the purée and powder, respectively, in a range of foods.. Note: Any use of grape pomace extracts as a food additive, including flavouring substances and antioxidants, requires permission under the Code.
Grapeseed extract	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No concerns regarding composition or safety.
Graviola (Annona muricata L) – frozen fruit pulp	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Limited tradition of safe use in some population sub-groups. No concerns regarding composition or safety.
Green coffee beans – unroasted	Traditional food Not novel food	Meets definition of coffee in Code.
Green coffee extract (Coffea Arabica)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional use in food context. No concerns identified regarding composition or safety.
Green tree ants (Oecophylla smaragdina). 2019 2025	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as an indigenous food in Australia. The Committee noted that there are reports of allergy, including three reports of anaphylaxis, associated with consumption of green tree ants. Note that in 2025, the ACNF considered an enquiry for canned Oecophylla smaragdina ants, comprising pupae, larvae and eggs, intended for importation into Australia. The committee agreed that as the ants are the same species as the ants considered in 2019, the Outcome view (traditional, non-novel food) applies. The committee noted the above statement regarding allergenicity is relevant and should be considered when selling Oecophylla smaragdina as food.
Green tea extracts (Camellia sinensis) 2025	Non-traditional food novel food	The Committee noted that green tea as a an infusion has been a widely consumed beverage for centuries. Green tea infusions prepared in the traditional way, and beverages with an equivalent composition to those infusions are unlikely to be of safety concern. However, a tradition of use of catechin enriched green tea extracts, as a food in Australia and New Zealand has not been established. The Committee noted that exposure to catechins in green tea extracts may vary considerably dependent on the composition of the product and directions for use. Cases of idiosyncratic liver toxicity have been associated with consumption of green tea extracts or consumption of infusions of green tea extracts, possibly related to high levels of intake of green tea catechins. The safety of green tea extracts that differ in composition from green tea infusions prepared in the traditional way has therefore not been established and requires safety assessment before they can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Note 1: This view does not relate to food additive use of green tea extracts. Any use of green tea extracts as a food additive requires authorisation under the Code. Note 2: Green tea extracts vary in composition, depending on the method of extraction and manufacture.
Guanabana fruit (Annona muricata L.)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No concerns identified regarding composition or safety.
Hawthorn-berry (Crataegus oxyacantha) based jam⁸	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety concerns based on potential for adverse effects in humans. ⁸ In 2025, a view was formed for hawthorn fruit (Crataegus pinnatifida) - processed pulp. PDF p. 26
Hawthorn fruit – processed pulp (prepared by cooking, pulping and drying hawthorn fruit (Crataegus pinnatifida). 2025	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of hawthorn fruit (processed pulp) as a food in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of hawthorn fruit, in confectionery products. Note: This view relates to the fruit pulp, and not to an extract from the fruit.
Hemp (Cannabis spp.) See ‘Justification/Comment’ column for additional information.	Non-traditional food Novel food	The Code permits the sale of hemp seeds as food and as ingredients in foods, subject to certain requirements – see Standard 1.4.4 – Prohibited and restricted plants and fungi. Other parts of the hemp plant are prohibited from being sold as food or used as ingredients in food for sale (see Standard 1.4.4 and Schedule 23 of the Code).
Hericium coralloides powdered extract produced from the mushroom. 2021	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of an extract produced from the mushroom in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established, requires assessment before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand.
Hibiscus sabdariffa (flower)	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use in a number of food applications and also appears to have been available (in this context) in Australia and New Zealand for a number of years.
High Pressure Processed (HPP) yoghurt	Traditional food Not novel food	No significant changes to the physical characteristics of yoghurt when produced using HPP technology to extend shelf-life. Tradition of use of yoghurt in Australia and New Zealand.
High Pressure Processed (HPP) foods (for foods that do not require a prescribed pasteurisation step, or where HPP is used in addition to pasteurisation) 2009	Traditional foods Not novel foods	HPP is a well established food processing technology. The use of HPP for traditional foods that do not have a prescribed pasteurisation step (or where HPP is used in addition to pasteurisation) is not considered to make a food non-traditional.
Highly branched cyclic dextrin (Cluster dextrin) 2021	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Highly branched cyclic dextrin (Cluster dextrin) product as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of Highly branched cyclic dextrin (Cluster dextrin) for use as a carbohydrate source, 25 – 60 g per day in a range of foods. Note: Processing aids used in the manufacture of Highly branched cyclic dextrin (Cluster dextrin) require permission under the Code.
Hoodia gordonii	Non-traditional food Novel food	Consumed as an appetite and thirst suppressant. Potential for reduction in food intake and body weight, which may be considered adverse effects in certain population sub-groups. Proposed patterns and levels of consumption may be higher than traditional use.
Horopito (leaf of Pseudowintera colorata used as a seasoning / spice (similar to pepper)) 2018	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in New Zealand.
Hovenia dulcis (Oriental raisin tree) extract 2021⁹	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of Hovenia dulcis extract as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of Hovenia dulcis extract is not established. ⁹ This item was considered further at a subsequent meeting in 2021, with a view that the ingredient may be more appropriately regarded as a therapeutic good, dependent on any representations made. PDF p. 28
Hu-hu grub (Prionoplus reticularis)	Traditional food Not novel food	Traditional of safe use – eaten as a delicacy in Maori populations in New Zealand.
Huito (jagua) (Genipa americana) fruit juice and watermelon juice colour blend. 2020	Regulate as a food additive	Intended use is as a blue colour. An application is required before it can be used in food.
Humic – fulvic acid (also known as Plant Colloidal Minerals) 2016	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at use levels that provide up to 100mg of humic – fulvic acid per serve. View relates only to the addition to food (including beverages) of humic – fulvic acid at the level described above. Use at higher levels may require a safety assessment.
Hyaluronic acid 2019	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified at level of use of up to 150 mg per serve. If the hyaluronic acid is produced using gene technology, Standard 1.5.2 applies.
Hydrolysed keratin from sheep’s wool 2009	Non-traditional food Novel food	Sheeps’ wool is not a traditional food source. Safety is not established – product is not adequately characterised.
Ilex guayusa (leaf – infusion in hot water) 2015	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Plant native to South America. Leaves are used in preparation of hot beverage (similar to tea). No safety concerns identified when consumed in this way. See next entry for leaf extract.
Ilex guayusa (leaf extract in ready-to-consume beverage) 2017	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established. See above entry for leaf infusion in hot water.
Ilex guayusa extract (AmaTea®) (leaf extract containing approximately 20% caffeine, for use in a range of foods) 2021	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of Ilex guayusa extract as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of Ilex guayusa extract is not established - requires assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as food in Australia and New Zealand. Note: This view does not consider whether Ilex guayusa extract is a food, and/or if it may be subject or better suited to other regulations, for example under the relevant therapeutic goods or dietary supplements rules applying in Australia and New Zealand.
Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba mate) extract standardised to contain 2% caffeine. 2021¹⁰	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba mate) extract as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of Ilex paraguariensis (Yerba mate) extract is not established - requires assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as food in Australia and New Zealand. Note – This view relates to the Ilex paraguariensis plant extract regardless of caffeine content. The percentage caffeine in the Record of View refers only to the specific formulation provided to the committee for consideration. ¹⁰ Amendments made in October 2021 and March 2022 to the third column for clarification purposes. PDF p. 29
Illawarra plum (Podocarpus elatus) 2009	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia.
Irvingia gabonensis – see African mango seed	Cross-reference
Isoflavones from red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use.
Isomalto-oligosaccharide (IMO) 2011 2012	Non-traditional food Novel food	New food ingredient. Safety assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use required. Approved in 2017 as a novel food in Standard 1.5.1 (Application A1123)
Isomaltulose	Non-traditional food Novel food	Identified sub-groups for which there is the potential for adverse effects. Approved novel food in Standard 1.5.1 (Application A578)
Kakadu plum (Terminalia ferdinandiana) 2008	Traditional food Not novel food	Long history of use in Australia.
Kangaroo grass (Themeda triandra) 2020	Traditional food in Australia Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia by Indigenous people. Note 1: The view is limited to the same traditional use, which is for the milled whole grain or seeds made into baked products such as bread. Any extension of use or new processing methods are not subject to this view. Note 2: The Committee noted that the safe and suitable provisions of the food acts apply to the food produced, such as safe levels of contaminants or toxicants.
Kawakawa dried leaf herbal infusion (similar to ‘tea’) (from leaves of Piper excelsum) 2017	Traditional food in New Zealand Not novel food	Tradition of use of the dried leaf in herbal infusions by Maori and by early settlers in New Zealand. Herbal infusion products also widely available in New Zealand at present. Note: This views relates only to the use of the dried leaf of Piper excelsum (Kawakawa) in a herbal infusion. Other uses of the leaf, or other parts of the plant, are not subject to this view.
Kawakawa dried leaf as a component of a seasoning (from leaves of Piper excelsum). 2022	Traditional food in New Zealand Not novel food	Tradition of use of the dried leaf in herbal infusions by Maori and by early settlers in New Zealand. Note: This view relates only to the use of the dried leaf of Piper excelsum (kawakawa) as a minor component of a seasoning such as a herb or spice blend. Other uses of the leaf, or other parts of the plant, are not subject to this view.
Kelp – fermented 2014	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of consumption of kelp, but not fermented kelp. Intended use as an ingredient (at 50mg/kg) in a beverage product. No safety concerns identified at this use level. Note: View applies only to fermented kelp as described above. High iodine intake may present safety concerns for some consumers. Therefore, the use of fermented kelp at higher levels and/or in other foods may require a safety assessment.
Kimchi (traditional Korean fermented dish)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Made from some traditional ingredients, but is fermented. History of use in Korea without adverse effects.
Kombucha tea	Traditional food Not novel food	Although considered traditional, there are safety concerns regarding contamination with microorganisms such as mould.
Konjac (100% konjac in elastic, thermo-irreversible gel rather than as an additive)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	History of safe use in Japan and other Asian countries with no known adverse effects.
Konjac glucomannans (flour/powdered product derived from tubers of Amorphophallus species) 2011	Non-traditional food Not novel food	History of safe use in Japan as a food ingredient, including production of konjac thermo-irreversible gel (see previous view above). No safety concerns identified when used as a food ingredient. However, please note the following: Mini jelly cups containing konjac and glucomannan in tablet form are both banned in Australia (as potential choking hazards). See the Product Safety Australia website for more information: www.productsafety.gov.au.
Korean supplement drink (2) including Angelica Keiskei, Artemisia princes, Ganoderma lucidum, and Cordyceps	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety concerns based on potential for adverse effects in humans.
Korean supplement drink (containing lotus seeds and root (Nelumbo nucifera syn. Nelumbium speciosum), sea tangle or kelp (Laminaria japonica), jew’s marrow (Corchorus olitorius))	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns at the proposed low level of use of ingredients.
Korean tea (containing Rehmannia glutinosa and Wolfiporia extensa). 2020	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of Rehmannia glutinosa and Wolfiporia extensa as foods in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of these ingredients is not established - requires assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before they can be sold as food in Australia and New Zealand. Adverse effects have been reported in the scientific literature.
Krill protein – partially hydrolysed isolate from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) 2021	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of partially hydrolysed protein isolate from Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use as a protein source at levels of up to 20 g per serve. Krill is a crustacean and therefore this food is subject to allergen labelling requirements in Standard 1.2.3 of Code. Note: Any processing aids used in the manufacture of partially hydrolysed protein isolate from Antarctic krill require permission under the Code.
Kupua (Theobroma grandiflorum) – frozen puree	Non-traditional food Not novel food	History of use in Brazil and Peru. No indication of safety concerns.
Lactobacillus (new strains)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Although there is a history of use of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in yoghurt, new lactobacillus strains would be non-traditional foods in Australia and New Zealand.
Lactobacillus acidophilus 2008	Traditional food Not novel food	Long history of use in yoghurt and fermented milk products. It is also used in complementary medicines.
Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 (heat inactivated) 2024	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 (heat killed/heat inactivated) as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 (heat inactivated) at up to 2 x 10cells per serve in a¹⁰ range of foods and beverages. Note: This view relates only to Lactobacillus acidophilus L-92 (heat inactivated).
Lactobacillus acidophilus LA1 H1 (heat inactivated) 2024	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA1 H1 (heat killed/heat inactivated) as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA1 H1 (heat inactivated) at up to 1 x 10cells per day (adults)⁹ and 0.5 x 10cells per day (children,⁹ not including infants) in a range of foods and beverages. Note: This view relates only to Lactobacillus acidophilus LA1 H1 (heat inactivated).
Lactobacillus casei BPL4 CECT 9104 2019	Traditional food Not novel food	Long history of exposure to Lactobacillusin fermented foods and breast milk. Lactobacillusare also used as a probiotic in complementary medicines.
Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 (heat inactivated) 2021	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 product as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of Lactobacillus gasseri CP2305 (heat inactivated) at up to 1 x 10 cells per¹⁰ day in a range of foods and beverages. Note: This view relates only to the CP2305 strain of Lactobacillus gasseri.
Lactobacillus helveticus (R0052 strain) 2020	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified at intended levels of use (up to 1 x 10 CFU per serve).¹¹ Note: This view relates only to the R0052 strain of Lactobacillus helveticus.
Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 strain (heat killed) 2009	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established in food – potential effects on immune system. View is for heat killed Lactobacillus paracasei KW3110 only.
Lactobacillus paracasei MCC1849 strain (heat killed) 2018 2024	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established in food – potential effects on immune system require additional assessment prior to sale as a food. Note: This view relates only to heat killed Lactobacillus paracasei MCC1849 strain. See above view for heat killed KW3110 strain and below view for viable Lactobacillus paracasei.
Lactobacillus paracasei 2010	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Used as a probiotic internationally. No safety concerns identified. Note: this view is distinct from the previous view for heat killed L. paracasi KW3110 (see above).
Lactobacillus paragasseri SBT2055 2023	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified at intended levels of use (up to 1 x 10⁶ CFU per day). Note: This view relates only to the SBT2055 strain of Lactobacillus paragasseri
Lactobacillus plantarum 2010	Traditional food Not novel food	Long history of use in fermented food products. It is also used as a probiotic.
Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 (heat inactivated) 2021	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 (heat killed/heat inactivated) as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of Lactobacillus plantarum L-137 (heat killed/heat inactivated) at up to 1.2 x 10 cells¹⁰ per day in a range of foods and beverages. Note: This view relates only to the heat inactivated L-137 strain of Lactobacillus plantarum.
Lactobacillus reuteri (NCIMB 30242 strain) 2013	Traditional food Not novel food	History of consumption L. reuteri in general population. L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 is a strain that is present in, and consistent with the characteristics of the L. reuteri species as a whole. View is for NCIMB 30242 strain only.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus CNCM I-4036 2019	Traditional food Not novel food	Long history of exposure to Lactobacillusin fermented foods and breast milk. Lactobacillusare also used as a probiotic in complementary medicines.
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus G10P11-4 (formerly known as Lactobacillus rhamnosus G10P11-4) 2019 2021	Non-traditional food Not novel food	As this is an evolved strain, it is a non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified for intended use in a starter culture for fermented dairy products. ¹¹ This view was updated in June 2021. It was previously regarded as a non-traditional, novel food PDF p. 34
Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL 1505 H1 (heat inactivated) 2024	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL 1505 H1 (heat killed/heat inactivated) as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL 1505 H1 (heat inactivated) at up to 880 x 10cells per day (adults) and⁶ 100 x 10cells per day (children, not⁶ including infants) in a range of foods and beverages. Note: This view relates only to Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRL 1505 H1 (heat inactivated).
Lactobacillus rhamnosus (R0011 strain) 2020	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified at intended levels of use (up to 1 x 10⁹ CFU per serve) Note: This view relates only to the R0011 strain of Lactobacillus rhamnosus.
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis JCM 5805 (heat inactivated) 2022	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis JCM 5805 (heat killed/heat inactivated) as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis JCM 5805 (heat inactivated) at up to 1 x 10cells per day in a range of foods¹¹ and beverages. Note: This view relates only to the JCM 5805 strain of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis (heat inactivated).
Lactoferrin (Bovine) for use in dairy products at 10-100 mg/100mL or 100 g	Traditional food Not novel food	Normal constituent of bovine milk at 20-200 μg/mL (2-20 mg/100 mL). Proposed use in yoghurt is within the normal range of dietary intake of lactoferrin from dairy foods in the diet. Traditional food when used in this way.
Lapacho (Tabebuia impetiginosa, T.avellanedae) – also known as Pau d’Arco	Non-traditional food Novel food	Studies in rats indicate fetotoxic and embryotoxic effects of the characterising chemical constituent, lapachol. Known potential for adverse effects in humans.
Larch arabinogalactan (Larix occidentalis)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Arabinogalactan (larch gum, 409) is approved for use as a Schedule 2 food additive in Standard 1.3.1. Non-traditional when used as a food ingredient. No safety concerns identified based on its history of safe use as a food additive.
L-Arginine alpha-ketoglutarate	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use.
Lavender (Lavendula angustifolia)	Traditional food Not novel food	Traditional use for purpose of flavouring. No safety concerns at proposed low level of use.
Leaf protein concentrate from Medicago sativa (lucerne / alfalfa) 2023	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use as food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established - requires a safety assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand.
Lemon aspen fruit (Acroychia acidula) 2008	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia.
Lemon myrtle (Backhousia citriodora)	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use in a number of food applications and appears to have been available (in this context) in Australia for a number of years.
Lentein (Lentein Complete)™ 2017	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at intended levels of use (as an ingredient in a variety of food products at up to 24 grams per serving). This view refers to the dried and milled powder product derived from plants commonly known as duckweeds and water lentils (from the Lamnaceae family) that grow in water. Plants are grown in a controlled environment.
Leuconostoc carnosum (M-CULTURE® Safe GDS®3349®50) 2021	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of Leuconostoc carnosum (M-CULTURE® Safe GDS®3349®50) as a food ingredient (live bacterial protective culture) in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of Leuconostoc carnosum (M-CULTURE® Safe GDS®3349®50) is not established.
Leuconostoc mesenteroides CJLM119) as a kimchi starter culture 2023	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Leuconostoc mesenteroides CJLM119 as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of Leuconostoc mesenteroides CJLM119 as a starter culture to make kimchi products.
Lion’s mane (Hericium erinaceus) – in fresh form¹² 2025	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established, requires assessment before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand. ¹² Refer to information about mushroom products that precedes this table. PDF p. 37
Lion’s mane powder (Hericium erinaceus)¹³ 2019 2021¹⁴	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established, requires assessment before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Adverse effects have been reported in the scientific literature. ¹³ Refer to information about mushroom products that precedes this table. PDF p. 37 ¹⁴ View relates to Lions mane powder extract. PDF p. 37
Lithothamniom calcareum (also known as Phymatolithon calcareum or red seaweed) 2009	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified. This view relates to 1.7 g of the powdered seaweed per serve, with up to two servers per day.¹⁵ ¹⁵ This view was updated in June 2021. PDF p. 37
Long neck turtle (Chelodina longicollis)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Limited history of use in population sub-groups with safety concerns identified based on this use. The sale of the meat of long-neck turtles is not covered by the Code and would require permission for human consumption under State or Territory law.
Luo han guo extract (Siraitia grosvenorii, otherwise known as Momordica P.E.)	Regulate as a food additive (intense sweetener)	Extract contains a high level of mogroside, an intense sweetener. No Application for approval of extract as an intense sweetener received.
Luo han guo fruit juice extract concentrate (PureLo™) Note: this view was previously termed a ‘concentrate’. Upon further consideration, it is more appropriate to refer to this product as an extract.	Regulate as a food additive (intense sweetener)	No application for approval of extract concentrate as an intense sweetener. Permission required for approval of concentrate as an intense sweetener since it contains a high level of mogroside and proposed use is as sweetener, including a table-top sweetener.
Luo han guo fruit juice (Siraitia grosvernorii - also known as monk fruit juice) 2013	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia and New Zealand, particularly in traditional Asian diets. This view is distinct from the previous Luo han guo extract views. This view relates to the juice of the fruit and not to extracts that concentrate the level of mogrosides present in the fruit. The total mogroside content of the juice is approximately 5%.
Lycopene-enriched tomato extracts	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified. Composition comparable to tomato paste products.
Maca powder (Lepidium meyenii)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	History of safe use in South America. No concerns regarding composition.
Maltosyltrehalose syrup (Hallodex)™ 2019	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional use as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use, requires assessment before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand.
Mangifera indica leaf extract (Mango leaf extract) 2018	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use as a food in Australia or New Zealand. Safety of use as a food not established. Potential for pharmacological effects based on its use as a traditional medicine. In addition, potential adverse effects have been reported in scientific literature.
Mangosteen juice (Garcinia mangostena)	Traditional food Not novel food	Traditional use as a food. No safety concerns identified.
Mangosteen rind powder (Garcinia mangostana)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified.
Manuka oil as a flavour ingredient	Regulate as a food additive (flavour)	If used only at levels necessary to impart flavour, can be regulated as a food additive. If it were used in greater quantities, then it would be considered a food ingredient in its own right and may be considered non-traditional and/or novel.
Manuka leaf and stem (Leptospermum scoparium) 2009	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in New Zealand. Note: This view updates the previous view of Novel Foods Reference Group and is based on additional information on products available in the New Zealand market.
Matured hops extract 2018	Non-traditional food Novel food	Although there is a tradition of consumption of some components of hops in beer in Australia and New Zealand, the matured hops extract is not compositionally identical to the components present in beer. No history of use of the extract as a food or food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Potential biological effects and potential for new and/or increased dietary exposure to components of the extract required to establish safety.
Melaleuca (Melaleuca quinquenervia) isolates	Regulate as a food additive (preservative)	Intended purpose is as a preservative. No application received for approval as a food additive.
Mesophyllum superpositum (algae, previously identified as Lithothamnion superpositum – product also known as AlgaeCal®) 2015	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use as a food in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of the powdered product in foods at up to 500mg per day. This view relates to the power itself,¹⁶ not to an amount of calcium. ¹⁶ This view was updated in June 2021. PDF p. 39
Mesquite whole pod powder, produced from dried and heat treated (baked or roasted) ripe seedpods of the legume Neltuma glandulosa). 2026	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of mesquite whole pod powder (from Neltuma glandulosa) as a food in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use (10 g to 30 g per day) of the powder for general food and beverage use.
Methyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional when used as ingredients in foods rather than as food additives. Safety not assessed in context of potential for greater consumption as ingredients in foods.
Methyl liberine (commonly known as dynamine) 2020	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of methyl liberine as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of methyl liberine is not established - requires assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as food in Australia and New Zealand. Adverse effects have been reported in the scientific literature. Note: This view does not consider whether methyl liberine may be subject to other regulations, for example under the relevant therapeutic goods or dietary supplements rules applying in Australia and New Zealand.
Microwave assisted thermal sterilisation (MATS) 2016	Traditional foods Not novel foods	Microwave technology is well established in a food context. The use of microwave technology to assist in the sterilisation of foods is not considered to make a food non-traditional or novel. Note: The ACNF has not considered the efficacy of MATS in relation to sterilising foods. Food businesses will need to ensure the use of the MATS process is validated and achieves appropriate microbial inactivation rates.
Mintbush (Prostanthera incisa, Prostanthera rotundifolia) 2009	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia.
Milk basic protein (also known as bovine milk basic protein fraction) 2015	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at intended levels of use. Intended to be added to milk products, yoghurt, cheese, meal replacement and juice (up to 40mg/serve). Product is comprised primarily of milk proteins lactoferrin and lactoperoxidase (approximately 95%). The ACNF noted that although the product is not likely to be considered a novel food, it is perhaps likely that the product will meet the definition of nutritive substance in Standard 1.1.1 of the Code. Nutritive substances are prohibited from being added to foods in Australia and New Zealand. An application to amend the Code is required for any product that meets the definition of nutritive substance in Standard 1.1.1 of the Code. Suppliers should consult with a food enforcement agency before adding this product to food.
Momordica grosvenori juice (as a sweetener)	Regulate as a food additive (intense sweetener)	Not approved as an intense sweetener
Mopane worms – (Gonimbrasia belina) (in whole dried form) 2025	Non-traditional food novel food	No tradition of use of mopane worms – (Gonimbrasia belina) as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established – requires an assessment before they can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Potential for allergenicity (due to either mopane worm sensitivity or cross-reactivity in consumers with crustacea allergy) requires further assessment.
Monk fruit juice – see ‘Luo han guo fruit juice’ entry	Cross-reference
Moringa oleifera leaf (malunggay) 2009 2014 2015 2020	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety is not established as a food – potential for pharmacological effects based on its use as a traditional medicine.
Moringa oleifera (powdered mix of seed, leaf and fruit (seed pod)) 2012 2014 2015	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established – potential for adverse effects in humans.
Mucuna pruriens bean (also known as magic velvet bean) 2018	Non-traditional food Novel food	No history of use in Australia and New Zealand. A number of therapeutic claims are associated with Mucuna pruriens bean, including management of male infertility and nervous disorders and use as an aphrodisiac. Mucuna pruriens contains L-dopa (L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine), which is used as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Reports of adverse effects in animal studies, including kidney toxicity and weight loss. Given the potential for pharmacological and adverse effects, safety of consumption of Mucuna pruriens bean is not established and further assessment is required.
Muntries (Kunzea pomifera) 2009	Traditional food	History of use in Australia.
Mycoprotein biomass from Neurospora crassa 2025	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of mycoprotein biomass from Neurospora crassa as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of mycoprotein biomass from Neurospora crassa is not established - requires assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as food in Australia and New Zealand.
Mycoprotein wet biomass from Fusarium venenatum A3/5 2026 Mycoprotein from Fusarium venenatum (Quorn)™ 2008	Traditional food Not novel Non-traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a wet biomass in Australia and New Zealand. Non-traditional in Australia and New Zealand, but has been widely available elsewhere for over 20 years. Reported cases of adverse events (gastrointestinal disturbance and allergy) are very rare. No safety concerns identified.
Nata de Coco (a fermented coconut-gel dessert)	Traditional food Not novel food	Fermented coconut extract with tradition of use as a food and no safety concerns identified. Note: If Nata de Coco is sold as a plant growing medium that is recommended for consumption (after plants have been harvested), suppliers should be aware of any food safety requirements in the Code and requirements for the supply of safe and suitable food in respective Australian state and territory and/or New Zealand legislation.
Natto (fermented soybean product) 2014	Non-traditional food Not novel food	History of safe use in other countries, particularly Japan. No safety concerns identified in relation to consumption of natto.
Oat fibre (powdered material prepared from oat hull)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food because the oat hull is used to prepare insoluble dietary fibre in powdered form. The oat hull is not normally consumed as part of the diet. No safety concerns identified.
Olive fruit extract (elaVida 40%)™ (derived from the fruit of Olea europaea) 2014	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified levels of use (up to 20mg/day of hydroxytyrosol). The components of extract already consumed by general population at similar levels (through olive and olive product consumption).
Olive fruit juice (liquid concentrate and powder - HIDROX)® (derived from the fruit of Olea europaea) 2013	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No history of use of concentrated olive juice and powder as a food or ingredient in food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified. Equivalent to olive fruit consumption in general population.
Olive leaf (Olea europaea)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. History of use of olive leaf extract for medicinal purposes but not dry leaf as a food. Safety not established.
Olive leaf extract (Olea europaea) 2012	Non-traditional food Novel food	No history of use of olive leaf extract as a food or ingredient in food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety is not established as a food – potential for pharmacological effects based on its use as a traditional and complementary medicine. Potential for adverse effects at high dietary intakes.
Olive leaf powder (this is the portion of the olive leaf remaining after removal of olive leaf extract). (Olea europaea leaf powder)) 2020	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use as food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established - requires a safety assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Potential for adverse effects in humans.
Olive leaf tea (Olea europaea leaf) 2018 2019	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Olive leaf tea contains approximately 12 milligrams of oleuropein and its derivatives per 200 mL. Oleuropein is the major phenolic compound present in olive leaf – 12 milligrams is equivalent to the oleuropein content of two olives. No safety concerns were identified in relation to the consumption of olive leaf tea containing 12 milligrams of oleuropein per 200 mL. Note: This view relates only to olive leaf tea as described above. Please note separate views for olive fruit and leaf products in preceding rows of this table.
Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata)	Traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at proposed low levels of use.
Patagonol (extract of Aristotelia chilensis)	Regulate as a food additive	Intended use appears to be as an additive – colouring or antioxidant. Likely considered non-traditional and novel if used in quantities greater than additive levels of use. Either way, an application would be required before could be used in food.
Pea and rice protein fermented by shiitake mycelia (Lentinula edodes) (PureTasteProtein)™¹⁷ 2020	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified. However, the Lentinula edodes appears to function as a processing aid. No permission for Lentinula edodes as a processing aid in the Code. Schedule 19 metal contaminant limits are required to be met. ¹⁷ Registered trade mark (™) for the product in the United States of America PDF p. 44
Pereskia aculeata Miller (fresh leaves and dried leaf products such as flour) 2020	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. Safety of Pereskia aculeata leaves is not established - requires assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use before it can be sold as food in Australia and New Zealand. Adverse effects have been reported in the scientific literature.
Perilla oil (derived from the seeds of Perilla frutescens)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety concerns – purported antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory actions. May be unsuitable for some population sub-groups, e.g. Infants, children, pregnant and lactating women.
Perilla oil (Perilla frutescens) 2019	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use of perilla oil as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established, requires assessment before it can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Adverse effects have been reported in the scientific literature. This is an update on previous view (above) of the Novel Food Reference Group.
Phytocelltech Malus™ domestica (apple) – powder derived from the Uttwiler Spatlauber cultivar 2017	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at intended use levels (as a powdered beverage base at up to 10 micrograms per day).
PhytoCellTecMd Nu™ Apple cell culture homogenate from Malus domestica, variety Uttwiler Spätlauber. Comprises 1-10% fruit cell culture, 90-99% isomalt (carrier) 2020	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at intended use level in (foods and beverages) at up to 10 milligrams per day.
PhytoCellTecSV Nu™ Grape cell culture homogenate from Vitis vinifera. Comprises 1-10% fruit cell culture, 90-99% isomalt (carrier) 2020	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at intended use level (at up to 20 milligrams per day).
Phytostanols derived from tall oils	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use.
Phytosterol esters derived from vegetable oils	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use. Approved novel food in Standard 1.5.1 in spreads (A410), ‘healthy’ breakfast cereal (A433), and low-fat milk and yoghurt (A434).
Phytosterol/phytostanol mixture derived from vegetable or tall oils	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use Application to FSANZ – subsequently withdrawn by applicant.
Phytosterols - free phytosterols derived from tall oils	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use. Approved novel food in Standard 1.5.1 in spreads (A417) and low-fat milk (A508)
Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as food with no safety concerns identified.
Pig face leaf as a component of a pickle or relish. (from leaves of Carpobrotus glaucescens). 2023	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia by Indigenous people. Note: This view relates only to the use of the succulent leaf of Carpobrotus glaucescens (pig face) as a minor component of a pickle or relish. Other uses of the leaf, or other parts of the plant, are not subject to this view. The stated use may not reflect the traditional use of the succulent leaves.
Pine bark extract	Non-traditional food Not novel when used as a surface treatment for cut fruit at 18 mg/L Other uses considered as a food additive	Intended use will have a minimal impact due to: the small amount used on cut fruit; and the small number of products anticipated on the market. No application required when used as a surface treatment agent for cut fruit at this level. Other food uses of pine bark extract would be considered to have food additive (preservative) function and an application would be required to amend Standard 1.3.1.
Pine bark extract (Enzogenol®) This view relates to the use of pine bark extract as an ingredient, rather than as a preservative (see preceding view for preservative function) 2012 2019	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Pine bark is not a traditional food source. Safety of use as a food ingredient is not established at intended levels of use (greater levels than the use described above as a surface treatment for cut fruit).
Pistachia gum (for chewing) sourced from Pistachia terebinthus or Pistachia lentiscus (also known as turpentine gum and mastika gum)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional in broad community in Australia and New Zealand. Long history of use overseas (Middle East) and been available in Australia for some time.
Plant colloidal minerals (see Humic – fulvic acid)	Cross-reference
Polyglycitol syrup (when used in hard confectionery at levels up to 97%) 2014	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Potential for laxative effect at high levels of consumption. Similar to other polyols that are already in use in foods in Australia and New Zealand. Standard 1.2.3 of the Code includes requirements for labelling of polyols. Although polyglycitol syrup is not listed in Standard 1.2.3, the advisory statement for other polyols should be included on labels containing this ingredient. FSANZ will investigate amending Standard 1.2.3 to address this issue for polyglycitol syrup and other polyols that are not listed in the Standard. View only relates to the use of polyglycitol syrup in hard confectionery at levels of up to 97%.
Polypodium leucotomos 2017	Non-traditional food Novel food	Potential pharmacological effects associated with Polypodium leucotomos, including effects on immune system and photo-protective effects. Potential for adverse effects identified in some studies. Further assessment required to establish safety of use in food or beverage products.
Potato protein isolate 2010	Traditional food Not novel food	Sourced from potato. Equivalent to potato protein consumed in the diet of general population. Similar, in principle, to other fractions of foods, such as whey from milk.
Pseudowintera colorata leaf – see ‘Horopito’	Cross-reference
Pueraria mirifica	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food (herb grown in Thailand, root used). Some safety concerns related to phytoestrogenic effects.
Purslane leaf as a component of a pickle or relish. (from leaves of Portulaca oleracea). 2023	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia by Indigenous people. Note: This view relates only to the use of the succulent leaf of Portulaca oleracea (purslane) as a minor component of a pickle or relish. Other uses of the leaf, or other parts of the plant, are not subject to this view. The stated use may not reflect the traditional use of the succulent leaves.
Quandong fruit flesh (Santalum acuminatum) 2008	Traditional food Not novel food	Traditional food in Australia.
Quinoa (grain sourced from South America)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified. No concerns regarding composition.
Rapeseed protein isolate (derived from the seeds of Brassica napus and Brassica juncea, which are varieties of rape plants (sources of canola oil)) 2017	Non-traditional food Novel food	Potential for allergenicity (due to either rapeseed sensitivity or cross-reactivity in consumers with mustard allergy) requires further assessment.
Red spinach extract (from leaves of Amaranthus tricolour) 2016	Non-traditional food Novel food	The extract is a source of nitrates (9%). Nitrates are naturally present in vegetables and fruits in particular, but at low levels (up to 0.5%). An acceptable daily intake (ADI) for nitrate intake has been set by the WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Consumption of the extract may result in dietary exposure to nitrates above the ADI. Therefore, the ACNF considers an assessment of safety is required before the product is sold as a food or added to foods.
Resveratrol (extract) sourced from some foods, particularly grapes (Vitis vinifera), and from the root of Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum) 2010	Non-traditional food Novel food	View relates to resveratrol when it is extracted and added to foods, and does not apply to resveratrol when it is naturally present in a food product. Safety of resveratrol extract not established as a food – potential for intake to be greater than when consumed as a natural component (at low levels) of foods.
Resveratrol (sourced from grapes (Vitis vinifera) and added to wine at 100mg/Litre) 2013	Non-traditional food Not novel food	This view relates only to resveratrol contained in extracts from grapes, which are added to wine. No safety concerns identified with the addition of resveratrol derived from grapes to wine at a level of 100mg/Litre. The addition of resveratrol to other foods and/or at different levels is subject to the view above. This view does not take into account whether a particular resveratrol containing extract from grapes is permitted to be added to wine and wine products (eg grape skin extract) under wine-specific regulations in Australia and New Zealand, including: • Standard 2.7.4 – Wine and Wine Product of the Code, • Standard 4.5.1 – Wine Production Requirements (Australia only) of the Code, • Standard 1.3.1 – Food Additives of the Code (as it relates to wine and wine products), and • The requirements of wine-specific regulations in Australia and New Zealand. (Note that concentrated resveratrol extracts from grapes are likely to be different from grape skin extracts which is a permitted food additive (in Schedule 1 of Standard 1.3.1 (category 14.2.2) and as a colour in Schedule 3 of Standard 1.3.1) or grape skin extracts that are commonly used in winemaking.)
Rhodiola crenulate	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established.
Rhodiola rosea 2009	Non-traditional food Novel food	Potential for adverse effects in humans. Safety is not established as a food – potential for pharmacological effects based on its use as a traditional medicine.
Riberry (Syzygium luehmanii), (small leaf lilli pilli, cherry alder)	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia.
Rivermint (Mentha australis) 2009	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia.
Rooster combs extract 2016	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No history of use of rooster combs extract as a food in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified at intended levels of use (up to 80 mg/day in a variety of foods, including milk, milk based products, yoghurts, fresh cheeses, baked goods, breakfast cereals and fruit juices).
Rose petal extract (Sence rose nectar)	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as foods or food ingredients in Australia and New Zealand in a variety of applications, including teas, water based beverages and baked products.
Round lime (Citrus australis) 2009	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia.
Rowan-berries extract (Sorbus aucuparia) 2022	Regulate as a food additive	Extract is intended to be used as a preservative, being a source of sorbic acid. Under the Code, sorbic acid is a food additive permitted to a maximum level in specified foods. Note: This view does not apply to rowan-berry extracts of other constituents.
Rutin (rutoside) 2019	Non-traditional food novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Proposed level of addition to food is 500 mg per serve. Safety assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use required.
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) seed oil 2018	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Sacha inchi seed oil in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified in relation to consumption of the oil. Note: View relates only to Sacha inchi seed oil. See existing view below for Sacha inchi seed powder, which differs from this view for the oil.
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) seed powder 2016 2017	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use as a food in Australia or New Zealand. Limited information available to establish safety. Uncertainty in relation to the composition of the seed powder. Most available information relates to the oil of the seed, rather than the powder, which is a by-product of oil production. This view relates to the seed powder only. The seed oil has not been considered by the ACNF.
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) seed products (roasted seeds, butter and powder) 2018	Non-traditional food Novel food	No tradition of use as foods in Australia or New Zealand. Assessment required to establish safety as foods. This confirms the preceding view for Sacha inchi seed powder. Note: This view does not relate to Sacha inchi seed oil.
Saltbush (Atriplex nummularia) 2009	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia.
Salvia columariae	Traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified.
Salicornia brachiata (dried and powdered product). 2026	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Salicornia brachiata (dried and powdered) as a food in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use to season food at levels consistent with table salt (0.5 g – 2 g per serve when used as a tabletop sprinkling/seasoning, or 0.5% to 2% when used in foods), or up to 5 g per day to season food for niche users. Note: This view does not state or imply that Salicornia brachiata (dried and powdered) complies with the Code’s requirements for salt substitutes contained in Standard 2.10.2 Salt and salt products.
Samphire species (Tecticornia lepidosperma and Salicornia quinqueflora). 2020	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified in the context of the novel food provisions in the Code. If the plants are wild-harvested, metal contaminant levels to be monitored.
Satinash (Syzygium fibrosum) 2009	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia.
Sauco fruit (Sambucus peruviana)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional in Australia and New Zealand. No concerns identified regarding composition or safety.
Sea water – processed and packaged for culinary purposes (including to cook seafood, prepare foods such as risottos and soups, pickles and marinades). Not for use as a beverage. 2023	Non-traditional food Novel food (see Note in column 3)	No tradition of use as food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety is not established for sea water subject to the enquiry. Safety is dependent on a number of factors. These factors include: • source/location of water collection • factors affecting sea water quality including climate events, temperature, salinity, water currents, land runoff, sewerage outfalls, plastic waste, shipping/biofouling, algal blooms, etc. • sea water treatment method/s used, particularly with respect to achieving safe levels of any chemical and microbiological contaminants (including boron, bromate, Enterococci, E. coli, and Vibrio spp.) • how the sea water is used as a food ingredient or to prepare food Note: Sea water is not a novel food if public health and safety is assured, as evidenced by a water/food safety plan to control hazards, and monitoring. Proposed patterns and levels of use must also be taken into consideration.
Scaevola spinescens	Non-traditional food Novel food	Potential for adverse effects in humans.
Schizandra (Schizandra chinensis) – non-culinary herb	Non-traditional food Not novel food when used in beverages at less than 100 mg/100 ml	No safety concerns identified at low levels of use. No application required when used in beverages at less than 100 mg/100 ml.
Sea buckthorn (juice derived from the berries of Hippophae rhamnoides L).	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified based on composition of the berries or the juice. History of food use in Asia and Russia and Europe.
Sea buckthorn leaf tea (Hippophae rhamnoides L) 2013	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified.
Sea parsley (Apium prostratum) 2009	Traditional food Not novel food	Traditional food in Australia.
Shea olein (refined, bleached and deodorised), extracted from the seed of Vitellaria paradoxa. 2021	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified for intended purpose: a full or partial replacement for other fats in both bakery fats (margarine and shortening) and confectionery fats; replacing fats that are also high in saturated fatty acids.
Sheep’s placenta	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified.
Siberian chaga (Inonotus obliquus)¹⁸ 2009 2016 2019 The 2009 and 2016 views relate to a liquid and powdered extract (respectively). The 2019 view relates to a powder produced from the fruiting body (not an extract). All views relate to mixing the product with water to make a beverage¹⁹	Non-traditional food Novel food	Potential for adverse effects in humans. Safety is not established as a food – potential for pharmacological effects based on its use as a traditional medicine. ¹⁸ Refer to information about mushroom products that precedes this table. PDF p. 52 ¹⁹ 2009, 2016 and 2019 views updated in 2026 to include the product form. PDF p. 53
Silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) 2025	Non-traditional food novel food	No tradition of use of silkworm pupae (Bombyx mori) as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety not established – requires an assessment before they can be sold as a food in Australia and New Zealand. Potential for allergenicity (due to either silkworm pupae sensitivity or cross-reactivity in consumers with crustacea allergy) requires further assessment.
Slendesta potato protein extract powder	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety concerns regarding potential to cause appetite suppression.
Slippery elm bark powder (Ulmus fulva)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use.
Soy protein extract (soy ‘whey’ fraction) 2010	Traditional food Not novel food	Consumed as a natural component of soy products. Similar to milk whey protein; however is produced from soy. Has a tradition of use in Australia and New Zealand.
Stevia (crushed leaf)	Non-traditional food Novel food Stevioside and stevia extract considered to be food additives	Potential for adverse effects in humans. Stevioside and stevia extract considered as a food additive. Previous applications for stevioside (A397 & A457) as a food additive had deficiencies in safety data and were withdrawn. Approved food additive in Standard 1.3.1 (Application A540 – Steviol Glycosides as intense sweeteners gazetted 8 October 2008).
Streptococcus salivarius - K12 strain (probiotic bacteria) 2008	Traditional food Not novel food	View relates to K12 strain only. Traditional in fermented milk products such as yoghurt.
Streptococcus salivarius – M18 strain (probiotic bacteria) 2012	Traditional food Not novel food	View relates to M18 strain only. Traditional in fermented and raw milk cheeses.
Sucromalt 2010	Non-traditional food Novel food	New food ingredient. Safety assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use required.
Sugarcane extract (Phytolin TM and Benecarb®) 2018	Traditional food Not novel food	Traditional food in Australia and New Zealand.
Sugarcane fibres (bagasse fibre and pith fibre)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified.
Sugarcane fibre (Kfibre®) 2013	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional in Australia and New Zealand. No concerns identified regarding composition or safety.
Sugarcane juice and juice concentrate (Saccharum officinarum) 2008	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use in food in Australia and New Zealand as well as in other countries.
Tapioca fibre	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in form and context presented. Isolation of tapioca fibre and subsequent addition to foods that do not normally contain tapioca fibre is not consistent with its history of consumption. No safety concerns identified.
Tasmannia glaucifolia Fragrant pepperbush (leaves and berries) 2013	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified.
Tasmannia pepper (Tasmannia lanceolata)	Traditional food Not novel food	Traditional food (Australian native food).
Tempeh (fermented food made from soybeans) and Kefir (cultured milk beverage)	Traditional food Not novel food	Traditional foods with no safety concerns identified.
Tequila worm in lollipops	Traditional food Not novel food	History of safe consumption based on use in alcoholic beverages. No safety concerns identified.
Theanine	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand in the context presented (i.e. the substance itself), although theanine is present in green tea. Safety of theanine as a single chemical substance is yet to be established.
Theanine (extracted or synthesised – added to carbonated non-alcoholic beverages at 100mg/250mL) 2014	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at use level of 100mg/250mL in carbonated, non-alcoholic beverages. View relates only to the addition of theanine to carbonated, non-alcoholic beverages at the level described above. Use levels higher than this, or in other foods, remain subject to the general view for theanine in the above row. Note: This view does not consider whether theanine may be subject to the nutritive substance requirements of Standard 1.1.1 of the Code. The nutritive substance provisions in this Standard should be taken into account before adding theanine to beverages.
L-theanine (extracted or synthesised – added to non-carbonated non-alcoholic beverages at 100mg/300mL or 200mg/600mL) 2022	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at use level of 100mg/300 mL or 200 mg/600 mL in non-carbonated, non-alcoholic beverages. View relates only to the addition of L-theanine to non-carbonated, non-alcoholic beverages at the levels described above. Use levels higher than this, or in other foods, remain subject to the general view for theanine in the above row. Note: This view does not consider whether L-theanine may be subject to the nutritive substance requirements of Standard 1.1.1 of the Code. The nutritive substance provisions in this Standard should be taken into account before adding L-theanine to beverages.
Tigernut oil and tigernut milk extract (derived from Cyperus esculentus)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No indications of safety concerns. History of use in other countries.
Tomato concentrate – water based tomato concentrate (Fruitflow® also known as Water Soluble Tomato Concentrate I) 2011	Traditional food Not novel food	Components of the water based tomato concentrate have a long history of use in tomatoes and tomato based products.
Tomato concentrate – water based tomato concentrate (Fruitflow II® also know as Water Soluble Tomato Concentrate II) 2013	Traditional food Not novel food	Derived from FruitflowI product, with® reduction in levels of some components (for example, sugar and organic acide). Other water soluble components have a long history of use in tomatoes and tomato based products.
Trehalose	Non-traditional food Novel food	Safety not established for proposed pattern and level of use. Application to FSANZ (A453). Permission in Standard 1.5.1.
Triglyceride concentrate oil rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (≥ 670 mg/g omega-3 fatty acids as triglycerides, ≥90% triglycerides, ≤5% ethyl esters) produced from anchovies. (Golden Omega SA Omega-3-acid Triglyceride TG 050550 90%). 2019	Traditional food Not novel food	History of safe use of oils that are concentrated sources of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, in foods and in complementary medicines or dietary supplements. Proposed level of addition to food is consistent with dietary guidelines in Australia and New Zealand. Note - ACNF has not considered the addition of this oil to Infant formula products regulated in Standard 2.9.1 of the Code. Therefore, this view excludes addition of this oil to Infant formula products.
Tritordeum flour (derived from the seed of Tritordeum) 2018 Tritordeum whole grain 2023	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of consumption of tritordeum flour in Australia and New Zealand. Tritordeum is a traditionally bred hybridised cross between durum wheat (Triticum durum) and a South American wild barley (Hordeum chilense). No safety concerns identified in relation to the consumption of tritordeum flour. This view was updated in 2023 to include the whole grain, such as malted whole grain. Whole grain flour is already captured in the 2018 view.
Umbu (Spondias uberose) – frozen puree	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food. History of use in Brazil. No indications of safety concerns.
Urolithin A 2019	Non-traditional food Novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety assessment of proposed patterns and levels of use required. Note: This view does not consider whether Urolithin A may be subject to the nutritive substance requirements of Standard 1.1.1–10 of the Code. The nutritive substance provisions in the Code should be taken into account when considering the addition of Urolithin A to food.
Valerian root extract (Valeriana officinalis) 2010	Traditional food Not novel food	History of use as a flavouring substance in a range of foods and beverages in accordance with clause 11 of Standard 1.3.1 – Food Additives. View relates only to the use of Valerian root extract (Valeriana officinalis) at use levels of up to 40 mg per 500 mL (of beverage). View does not extend to use levels above 40 mg per 500 mL.
Vegetable oil emulsion of extracts of oat oil and palm oil (SlimShots)	Traditional food Not novel food	Extracts of oat oil and palm oil, the major ingredients in the product, have a tradition of use in Australia and New Zealand.
Vistive Low Lin (Low™ Linolenic) Soybean and oil derived from Vistive™ High Oleic, Low Linolenic Winter Oilseed Rape	Traditional food Not novel food	Soybean and canola oil have tradition of use as foods in Australia and New Zealand. Products are produced using traditional breeding methods from traditional crops and an approved GM soybean line.
Water kefir (cultured water based beverage) 2009	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified. General food safety practices should be followed when preparing water kefir.
Wattle seed (Acacia spp.)	Traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of use in Australia, including traditional Aboriginal use. Appears to have been available (in food context) in Australia for a number of years.
Wheat bran extract 2014	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No safety concerns identified at intended levels of use. Intended use as a soluble dietary fibre source at up to 5g/serve in a variety of foods. Wheat bran extract contains approximately 2-3 times the levels of arabinoxylans derived arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS) and beta glucans than wheat bran.
Whey hydrolysate 2016	Traditional food Not novel food	Whey hydrolysates have a history of use in foods in Australia and New Zealand, particularly in infant formula, sports foods (such as gym workout powders) and foods for special medical purposes.
Whey permeate sweetener - a syrup (which can be dried) produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of sweet whey permeate. 2026	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of the product described by the enquirer as ‘whey permeate sweetener’ as a food in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use as a sugar replacement, for general food and beverage use. The primary components are glucose and galactose. The product is not a food additive (intense sweetener). Any processing aids used in the manufacture of whey permeate sweetener require permission under the Code. Note: ingredients derived from milk are subject to mandatory declaration labelling requirements for milk as a food allergen under Standard 1.2.3 (Information requirements – warning statements, advisory statements and declarations).
White kidney bean extract (from Phaseolus vulgaris)	Non-traditional food Novel food	Extract is non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. Safety concerns based on the potential for effects on carbohydrate metabolism, and subsequent purported weight loss, as well as the potential presence of lectins.
White kidney bean extract (Phase 2)™ (from Phaseolus vulgaris) 2012	Non-traditional food Not novel food	This update on previous view (above) is specific to Phase 2 product.™ Extract is non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand; however the constituents (including alpha-amylase inhibitor) of the Phase 2™ product are similar to the levels of these constituents present in raw/cooked white kidney beans and other foods. Intended levels of use are similar to current intake from the diet in Australia and New Zealand.
Wolffia australiana (whole plant). Also known as Khai-Nam, Duckweed, Watermeal. 2020	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Non-traditional food in Australia and New Zealand. No safety concerns identified. Use is similar to that of a vegetable.
Wool (sheep) derived protein 2014	Non-traditional food Novel food	Wool is not a traditional food source. Safety of human consumption of the protein components from this source is not established. (similar to separate entry for hydrolysed keratin from sheep’s wool)
Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	History of safe use in other countries. No concerns regarding composition.
Yam daisy (Microseris lanceolata). Also known as Murnong. 2020	Traditional food in Australia Not novel food	Tradition of use as a food in Australia by Indigenous people. Note 1: The view is limited to the same traditional use, which is for the roasted or baked tuber. Any extension of use or new processing methods are not subject to this view. Note 2: The Committee noted that the safe and suitable provisions of the food acts apply to the food produced, such as safe levels of contaminants or toxicants.
Yeast protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae 2021	Non-traditional food Not novel food	No tradition of use of Yeast protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a food ingredient in Australia and New Zealand. However, no safety concerns identified with intended use of Yeast protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae for use as a protein source at levels of 6% – 40% in a range of foods. Note: Any processing aids used in the manufacture of Yeast protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae require permission under the Code.
Yuzu (Citrus Junos Siebold ex Tanaka)	Non-traditional food Not novel food	Tradition of safe use in Japan of the peel and oil in foods. No safety concerns identified. No concerns based on composition.